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Lidocaine and bupivacaine are both amide local anaesthetics, but they differ substantially in onset, potency, duration, tissue distribution, and toxicity profile. This Pain Update will help you choose which one to select for canine and feline local anaesthesia. We've considered lidocaine and bupivacaine as the main locals available in veterinary practice. The simple why – Less pain: local anaesthetics enable us to reduce opioid consumption in the post-op period. Reduced adver

At the recent Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists conference in Liverpool there was an abstract presented examining subcutaneous ketamine in dogs. The study was entitled ‘A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel-group pilot study evaluating the effect of low-dose subcutaneous ketamine as an adjunctive analgesic in dogs with osteoarthritis’ and was conducted by Nielsen and colleagues from the University of Copenhagen. In their introduction they point out t

Music in the perioperative period of dogs and cats: evidence and a framework for clinical application Georgiou SG, Galatos AD Introduction Music is increasingly recognized as a safe, low-cost, and non-pharmacological adjunct within multimodal perioperative care. In human medicine, it has demonstrated anxiolytic, analgesic, and anaesthetic-sparing effects, while veterinary evidence in dogs and cats, although still limited, has shown promising but variable outcomes. Importantly

Here you will find the links to the Canine Osteoarthritis Staging Tool (COAST) and the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) tool. LOAD COAST In this webinar, we review the COAST guidelines which aim to provide vet professionals with guidance on managing osteoarthritis. The objective is to develop an OA management program using a consistent approach but with enough freedom of choice to meet the requirements of each patient and pet caregiver. In this webinar we review the g

This study investigated how astrocytes and microglia in the dorsal horn of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with syringomyelia (SM) differ at the molecular level when dogs exhibit neuropathic pain (NeP) versus when they do not. As the authors state, this work provides a basis for further understanding of the changes seen in pain processes in SM. Using NanoString GeoMx spatial transcriptomics, the authors analyzed gene expression in specific glial-rich regions to understa

One of the common questions that we receive is regarding doses of local anaesthetics in cats when multiple nerve blocks are required. In this recent paper entitled "Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after bilateral maxillary and caudal inferior alveolar nerve blocks using two injection volumes in cats," the authors set out to investigate the effect of multiple bupivacaine nerve blocks. The nerve blocks used were bilateral maxillary and bilateral caudal inferior alveolar nerve

In a recent publication, Marangoni et al set out to investigate the Feline Grimace Scale in brachycephalic cats. Specifically, then examined the inter-rater reliability, agreement and responsiveness of the FGS in this demographic. Remember, the FGS looks at five specific 'action units' which are ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, whiskers position and head position. The scale assigns a score out of 10, with 10 being most painful. This therefore raises the quest

In this narrative review of bedinvetmab, all publications to date (April 2026) have been considered in chronological order to enable the reader to see the evolution of understanding associated with the product. We also provided information on the human product, tanezumab which never made it to the market. Studies supporting the marketing authorisation of bedinvetmab (Librela/Beransa) In 2021 Corral et al published their findings which supported the European marketing auth

Adverse effects reported with human anti-NGF monoclonal antibodies This post is designed to be read with our update on anti-NGF monoclonal antibodies in canine OA. Tanezumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to treat chronic pain, particularly osteoarthritis (OA), by targeting and inhibiting nerve growth factor (NGF). Tanezumab resulted in a condition called Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis (RPOA) in people, with an unclear aetiology. In one of the laboratory trials of be